Vol. 12, Issue 6, Part A (2025)

Author(s): Mamane Sani Halilou, Abdou Hame Kadi Kadi, Moumouni Dan mairo Adamou and Ali Doumma

Abstract: The expansion of irrigation systems in sub-Saharan Africa significantly alters landscapes, promoting the seasonal persistence of malaria vector mosquitoes (Anopheles spp.). This review analyzes the key ecological mechanisms driving this phenomenon. Developments like rice fields and gravity-fed canals create permanent or semi-permanent larval habitats, maintaining high mosquito densities even during the dry season. Irrigation modifies the local microclimate: increased humidity and attenuated thermal extremes extend adult survival. Furthermore, aquatic vegetation offers refuge and food for immature stages. Associated agricultural practices, including the use of fertilizers and pesticides, influence water quality and may select for resistant populations. These factors establish "wet islands" that sustain off-season malaria transmission. Understanding these interactions is vital for developing integrated management strategies that balance agricultural productivity with reduced vector risk. The article stresses the necessity of a multi-sectoral approach (agriculture, health, environment) for sustainable irrigation compatible with malaria control efforts.

DOI: 10.22271/23487941.2025.v12.i6a.868