Abstract: Introduction: Dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus (DENV), poses significant public health challenges, particularly in tropical regions. This study investigates clinical and laboratory profiles, focusing on liver function tests (LFTs), leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and overall clinical profiles in dengue patients to identify prognostic markers for early outcome prediction.
Material and Methods: This prospective observational cohort study was conducted at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Kanchipuram, over 18 months. Data were collected from 100 patients with confirmed dengue diagnosis (positive IgM and/or NS1 antigen). Diagnostic tests included dengue serology, LFTs, total leukocyte count, and serial platelet monitoring. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-tests.
Results: The majority of patients were young adults aged 21-30 years (32.35%), with males comprising 66.67%. Serological testing showed 73.53% positive for IgM, indicating recent infection, and 56.86% positive for NS1 antigen. Hematological analysis revealed normal total leukocyte count (69.61%), with 25.49% showing leukopenia and 70.59% having thrombocytopenia. Elevated packed cell volume (PCV) was observed in 69.61%. Liver function tests indicated normal serum bilirubin in 85.53%, but significant elevations in SGOT and SGPT in 32.89% and 26.32% of patients, respectively.
Conclusion: Young adults, particularly males, are most affected by dengue. Accurate and timely serological testing and regular monitoring of hematological and liver function parameters are crucial for early diagnosis and effective management. These findings guide better management strategies and public health interventions in dengue-endemic regions.