Vol. 3, Issue 4, Part A (2016)

Fig. 1: Larvicidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis for different carbon sources in batch fermentations. The figure also shows the different concentrations for each carbon source, at which the ‘crabtree effect’ is observed. Larvicidal effect is maximum at different concentrations for each of the sources used.

Fig. 2: Bioassay results of batch fermentation studies using different carbon sources (a) Glucose

Fig. 3: Bioassay results of batch fermentation studies using different carbon sources (b) Sucrose

Fig. 4: Bioassay results of batch fermentation studies using different carbon sources (c) tapioca powder

Fig. 5: Bioassay results of batch fermentation studies using different carbon sources (d) Jaggery

Fig. 6: Bioassay results of batch fermentation studies using different carbon sources (e) Cane sugar juice

Fig. 7: Larvicidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Israelensis for different carbon sources in fed-batch fermentation.

Fig. 8: Bioassay results of fed-batch fermentation studies (a) Glucose

Fig. 9: Bioassay results of fed-batch fermentation studies (b) Sucrose

Fig. 10: Bioassay results of fed-batch fermentation studies (c) Jaggery

Fig. 11: Bioassay results of fed-batch fermentation studies (d) Cane sugar juice

Fig. 12: Bioassay results of fed-batch fermentations of Bti with different concentrations of glucose and 1% soyabean

Fig. 13: Bioassay results of batch fermentations of Bti with different carbon sources (3% Jaggery and 3% cane sugar juice) without yeast extract

Fig. 14: Bioassay results of aeration studies of Bti with different carbon sources (3% Jaggery and 3% cane sugar juice) without yeast extract

Fig. 15: Comparison of larvicidal activity between biomass obtained through batch (left) and fed-batch (right) fermentations of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Israelensis using increased aeration (high Kla value), and that obtained through normal aeration.

Fig. 16: Bioassay result of media containing 0.1% Calcium chloride

Fig. 17: Bioassay results of batch fermentations of Bti for observing effect of 0.1% Calcium carbonate with two different nitrogen sources as additive on sporulation

Fig. 18: Comparison of larvicidal activity between biomass obtained in batch fermentations without and with calcium carbonate.