Vol. 4, Issue 3, Part A (2017)

Author(s): Nabil HH. Bashir, Yasmeen AA Adam and Bakri YM Nour

Abstract: Gedarif state (eastern Sudan) is one of the endemic areas of malaria. The present study aims to monitor and determine the susceptibility of the adult malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton, 1905 (Diptera: Culicidae) in two administrative localities in the state, following WHO standard protocols. These were Alfau (far west) and Alfashagha (Far East). The carbamate bendiocarb (1%), the organochlorine DDT (4%), and the two pyrethroids, viz. deltamethrin (0.05%) and permethrin (0.75%) were tested. The mortality results for Alfau and Alfashagha populations were as follows: bendiocarb 100% in both localities (susceptible); permethrin 95 and 96% (tolerant), deltamethrin 99 and 98% (susceptible), and DDT 76 and79% (resistant). DDT populations are still resistant, even though DDT was not introduced to the Sudan since 1996. This can be attributed to the intensive and extensive use of the pyrethroids and endosulfan. The cross-resistance is expected as a result of the shared metabolic pathways and mode of action of DDT and pyrethroids. Monitoring of resistance in yearly basis and searching for more adulticides and larvicides from other chemical groups as alternatives must be considered.

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